-
1 Chardonnet Rayon
A rayon yam made from cotton waste, which is converted into a nitro-cellulose stiff solution known as " collodion." The collodion is forced under pressure through small capillary tubes forming very fine threads, which solidify quickly when exposed to air. The threads can then be wound on bobbins. At this stage the threads are lustrous, but very inflammable, as it is chemically in the form of nitro-cellulose. The next process is to remove the nitro-groups by the operation termed denitration. The finished thread consists of regenerated cellulose. -
2 Fibres
The textile fibres of commerce are very numerous. They are usually placed in " three natural classes, vegetable, animal and mineral. The rayon filaments so far produced are all vegetable. " Vegetable fibres can be classified as follows: - Seed fibres, growing from the seeds or seed-capsules of certain plants, as cotton, Bombax, Asselepias, etc. Stem fibres, growing in the bast of certain plants, as flax, hemp, jute, etc. Leaf fibres, occurring in the leaves of certain plants, including New Zealand hemp, Manila hemp, etc. Fruit fibres, of which the sole member worth mentioning is the cocoanut fibre. Artificial fibres, represented by viscose, cellulose acetate, cuprammonium and nitrocellulose rayon. The chief fibres in the animal class are wool, silk, and the various kinds of animal hair such as camel, llama, angora, rabbit, horse, etc. The chief member of the mineral group is asbestos, a substance that resists the action of fire. Gold, silver and copper used in the making of tinsel yarns are not fibres as they do not require to be spun. Cellulose-Acetata Rayon - Filaments composed of an acetic ester of cellulose coagulated or solidified from its solution. Cuprammonium Rayon - Filaments composed of regenerated cellulose which has been coagulated or solidified from a solution of cellulose in ammoniacal copper oxide. Nitro-cellulose Rayon (Chardonnet) - Filaments composed of regenerated or denitrated cellulose which has been coagulated or solidified from a solution of nitrated cellulose. Viscose Rayon - Filaments composed of a regenerated cellulose which has been coagulated or solidified from a solution of cellulose xanthate. The preceding four definitions are proposed by the American Society for Testing Materials, Corn. D-13
См. также в других словарях:
Chardonnet, Hilaire Bernigaud, comte de — ▪ French chemist born May 1, 1839, Besançon, France died March 12, 1924, Paris French chemist and industrialist who first developed and manufactured rayon. Trained as a civil engineer after completing scientific studies under Louis… … Universalium
rayon — Hilaire Chardonnet … Inventors, Inventions
Hilaire Chardonnet — rayon … Inventors, Inventions
Hilaire de Chardonnet — Busto de Hilaire de Chardonnet obra de su hija Anne de Chardonnet. Museo de bellas artes de Besançon … Wikipedia Español
Hilaire de Chardonnet — Infobox Person name = Hilaire de Chardonnet image size = 250px caption = Hilaire de Chardonnet birth name = birth date = May 1 1839 birth place = Besançon death date = March 11 1924 death place = Paris death cause = resting place = resting place… … Wikipedia
industrial polymers, major — Introduction chemical compounds used in the manufacture of synthetic industrial materials. In the commercial production of plastics, elastomers, man made fibres, adhesives, and surface coatings, a tremendous variety of polymers are… … Universalium
Viscose — is a viscous organic liquid [Answers.com Dictionary at http://www.answers.com/viscose?nafid=3 (n. A thick, golden brown viscous solution of cellulose xanthate, used in the manufacture of rayon and cellophane.)] used to make rayon and cellophane.… … Wikipedia
Polymer chemistry — or macromolecular chemistry is a multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers or macromolecules. According to IUPAC recommendations [IUPAC definition… … Wikipedia
Liste des découvertes et inventions liées au hasard — Article principal : Sérendipité. Cet article contient une liste des découvertes et inventions liées au hasard. On parle aussi parfois de découverte scientifique liées à la « sérendipité ». Toutefois, la sérendipité n est pas… … Wikipédia en Français
Química de los polímeros — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda La química de polímeros es una ciencia multidisciplinaria que maneja las síntesis químicas y las propiedades químicas de los polímeros. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Unión Internacional de Química Pura y… … Wikipedia Español
Viscosa — Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada, como revistas especializadas, monografías, prensa diaria o páginas de Internet fidedignas. Puedes añadirlas así o avisar … Wikipedia Español
